The Urinary System

The urinary system (also called the excretory system) is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine. In humans it includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra.

1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4. Ureter, 5. Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section)

7. Adrenal gland

Vessels: 8. Renal artery and vein, 9. Inferior vena cava, 10. Abdominal aorta, 11. Common iliac artery and vein

With transparency: 12. Liver, 13. Large intestine, 14. Pelvis

The Nervous System

The nervous system is an organ system containing a network of specialized cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. In most animals the nervous system consists of two parts, central and peripheral. The central nervous system of vertebrates (such as humans) contains the brain, spinal cord, and retina. The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia, and nerves connecting them to each other and to the central nervous system. These regions are all interconnected by means of complex neural pathways. The enteric nervous system, a subsystem of the peripheral nervous system, has the capacity, even when severed from the rest of the nervous system through its primary connection by the vagus nerve, to function independently in controlling the gastrointestinal system.

The muscular system

The muscular system is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move. The muscular system in vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous
There are approximately 639 skeletal muscles in the human body.

Our ear

The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system.

Let's take a look at the digram of a human ear.

Nasal Cavity

The nasal cavity conditions the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract. Owing to the large surface area provided by the nasal conchae, the air passing through the nasal cavity is warmed or cooled to within 1 degree of body temparature. In addition, the air is humidified, and dust and other particulate matter is removed by vibrissae, short, thick hairs, present in the vestibule. The cilia of the respiratory epithelium move the particulate matter towards the pharynx where it passes into the esophagus and is digested in the stomach.

The diagram of the lateral wall of nasal cavity is shown below.

And this is the anatomy of the nasal cavity.

The Oesophagus

The esophagus (or oesophagus) is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. During swallowing, food passes from the mouth through the pharynx into the esophagus and travels via peristalsis to the stomach. The word esophagus is derived from the Latin œsophagus, which derives from the Greek word oisophagos , lit. "entrance for eating." In humans the esophagus is continuous with the laryngeal part of the pharynx at the level of the C6 vertebra. The esophagus passes through posterior mediastinum in thorax and enters abdomen through a hole in the diaphragm at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebrae. It is usually about 25–30 cm long depending on individual height. It is divided into cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts. Due to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, the entry to the esophagus opens only when swallowing or vomiting.

Let's take a look at the diagram of the oesophagus (esophagus).

Our Colon (Large Intestine)

The colon is the last part of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body, and is the site in which flora-aided (largely bacterial) fermentation of unabsorbed material occurs. Unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients. However, the colon does absorb water, potassium and some fat soluble vitamins.

This is the digram of the large intestine inside our body.

Our Small Intestine

The small intestine is the part of the Gastrointestinal tract following the stomach and followed by the large intestine(colon), and is where much of the digestion and absorption of food takes place. In invertebrates such as worms, the terms "gastrointestinal tract" and "large intestine" are often used to describe the entire intestine. This article is primarily about the human gut, though the information about its processes is directly applicable to most placental mammals. The primary function of the small intestine is the absorption of nutrients and minerals found in food.

This is the diagram of our small intestine together with our large intestine:

Our Hair

Hair is a filamentous biomaterial, that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Found exclusively in mammals, hair is one of the defining characteristics of the mammalian class. 

Let's take a look at a cross section of a hair.

Let's also look at a human strand of hair.(200x magnification)

Our Thigh

The single bone in the thigh is called the femur. This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of cortical bone), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a condylar joint at the knee.

Let's take a look at the digram of a man's right thigh.

Our Heart

The heart is a myogenic muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system (including all vertebrates), that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.

Let's see the struture of the heart.

Our Nose

Our nose is what we "use" to smell. Smelling is one of the senses in our human body.

Let's take a close look at the nose.

Our Skull

The skull protects the brain. In humans, an adult skull is usually made up of 22 bones.

Let's take a look at a digram of the human skull.

 

Our Bones

Our bones help us to move. Without bones, our body will be like a jelly. One example of our bone is the human cartilage. The cartilage helps to protect our heart.

Let's look at the human skeleton.

Our Skin

Our skin is the largest organ compared to the other organs. The skin protects your inner organs from injury. The skin too can cover two-thirds of a queen size bed! Without your skin, your organs will be hurt once you fall down.

Le's take a look at the digram of our skin.

Our Backbone

Our backbone(spinal cord)is an organ that helps you to sit upright. Without a backbone, you will be a hunchback all day. Learn to sit up straight when you are young as when you grow older, you will sit straight and walk straight.

Let's take a look at the spinal cord.

This is how your spinal cord looks like.

The Brain

The brain is an organ that helps you to think, and most importantly, the brain will help you to send messages to your other organs. For example, a mosquito flies on your skin and bites your skin. Your brain will send the message to your hand to slap the mosquito. This is called a reaction.

Top: Our Brain
Bottom: Our backbone

Taking Too Much Sugar

Taking too much sugar is not good for your kidneys. Eating too much sugar will cause you to have diabeties,too. Always remember the food pyramid:-

How to Stay Young

1. Go for some anti-aging treatments.

2. Do not be sad, cheer up!

3. When you are stressed, calm yourself down by doing some tai-chi.

Blood in Your Urine

You may see drops of blood in your urine. It is more common in girls. See a doctor immediately. The doctor may give you a urine test. If the doctor said that there are red blood cells in your urine, it is confirmed that you have a urinary tract infection. Be careful whether it is an illusion or not.

Blood Oozing Out of Your Wounds

Do not try to touch your wound as it is still recovering. "What helps the wound to recover?" you must be wondering. Actually,the platelets help to recover your wound and working with your white blood cells, your wound finally recovers. Wash the wound with cold water. Remember to put a plaster on it. Wait for about 1 week and then look at it. Does it look better now? Always remember to change the plaster frequently.

What To Do After Fainting? - - For Parents

Do not hesitate. Just wait a little while. Your child will wake up soon. Do not try to shout in his/her ear or shake him/her. It will make it worse than before. When your child wakes up, it is best to greet him/her (Example, "Hi! what's my name?") or to give him/her some warm, plain water.

What Should You Do Before Fainting?

You should squat down if you feel like fainting immediately. Do not stand up as you will hit your head once you fainted. You will feel giddy or wanting to sleep when you are fainting. The cause of fainting is that you did not eat breakfast. Breakfast gives you a lot of glucose and energy, so remember to eat breakfast every day and do not skip it.

Severe Gastric

Gastric occurs when you do various exercises after a heavy meal. You will have to go for an operation. Scary, isn't it? Be careful not to jump and run after a heavy meal.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is spread by senior Aedes mosquitoes. You may think the germs come from the mosquitoes, but actually it was transmitted from one person to another. When you are having Dengue fever, temperatures may go as high as 40 degrees celsius! Usually when you are having Dengue fever, you will have joint pain, muscle cramp and pain behind the eyes. You may vomit 5 times a day too! You will never know when you will have Dengue fever, so be alert and most importanly, be careful.

Sore Throat

Sometimes, you will feel a sudden pain when you swallow your saliva. That is a sore throat. If you eat too much junk food, you will have a sore throat. Some people are scared of having a sore throat because it is very painful when you swallow saliva. Some of the doctors will do an endoscopy(and-doe-sco-pi) for you. The process includes swallowing a pill. The pill has a fantastic "eye" and it can see what happened to your throat. Somehow, endoscopy is used more for severe gastric (See "Severe Gastric).

Hiccups

Hiccups usually occur when you eat too fast. Your stomach can't take it, so you hiccup as a form of burping. The thing to do when you are having hiccups is to drink lots of water or breathe in fresh air and then breathe out.

Fever

For children, if you are having a fever and the temperature is at about 38.5 degrees Celcius, ask your parent to give you a few sips of paracetamol. If your temperature is higher than 38.5 degrees Celcius (example 39.1 degrees Celcius), your parent should give you Ibufern to drink. If you over take the medicine or you drank the wrong dosage of medicine, you will end up like Michael Jackson, dying on the spot. So remember, take the correct dosage of medicine and keep medicine bottles away from children.

Diarrohea

Diarrohea is a watery type of stool that happens sometimes when you are sick. For the diarrohea to stop, you must drink plenty of fluids, like orange juice or water. When you have diarrohea, you should not drink too much milk.